✦   Writer & Historian   ✦

Mark Honigsbaum

Medical Historian · Journalist · Author

About Me

Mark Honigsbaum

I am a writer and journalist specialising in the history and science of infectious disease. A regular contributor to The Observer and The Lancet, my books include a global history of malaria and a social history of the 1918 influenza pandemic, Living With Enza, which was nominated for the Royal Society Science Book of the Year in 2009.

In May 2019, six months before the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China, I published The Pandemic Century: 100 Years of Panic, Hysteria and Hubris, explaining why, despite more than a century of medical progress, pandemics continue to take us by surprise, spreading fear and conspiracy theories.

As well as writing for popular audiences, I am a medical historian and have been published in Medical History, Social History of Medicine, and the History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences.

Prior to becoming a full-time writer and researcher, I enjoyed a long career as an investigative reporter and feature writer at newspapers including the Evening Standard, The Independent on Sunday, The Observer and The Guardian. In 1996 my Channel 4 Dispatches exposé of the British intelligence services' involvement in re-arming the Argentine Navy after the Falklands War was shortlisted for the best current affairs documentary at the Royal Television Society Awards.

I write at Going Viral and am an honorary fellow at UCL's Institute of Global Health.

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Books

"The good historian is like the giant of the fairy tale… wherever he catches the scent of human flesh, there his quarry lies."

— Marc Bloch
The Pandemic Century
The Pandemic Century: One Hundred Years of Panic, Hysteria and Hubris
New York: Norton; London: Hurst, 2019

Ever since the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic, scientists have dreamed of preventing catastrophic outbreaks of infectious disease. Yet, despite a century of medical progress, viral and bacterial disasters continue to take us by surprise, inciting panic and dominating news cycles. Named one of the best books of the year in "Health" by the Financial Times and an "Editor's Choice" by the New York Times.

US edition (Norton) →   UK edition (Penguin) →
A History of the Great Influenza Pandemics
A History of the Great Influenza Pandemics: Death, Panic and Hysteria, 1830–1920
I.B. Tauris, 2014

Influenza was the great killer of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The so-called 'Russian influenza' epidemic killed about 1 million people across Europe in 1889–93. The Spanish flu of 1918, meanwhile, would kill 50 million people — nearly three percent of the world's population.

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Living with Enza
Living with Enza: The Forgotten Story of Britain and the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918
Palgrave Macmillan, 2009 · Nominated for Royal Society Science Book of the Year

Between the summer of 1918 and the spring of 1919 a deadly strain of influenza claimed the lives of 228,000 Britons. Worldwide the death toll from 'Spanish' influenza was simply unimaginable — between 50 million and 100 million dead.

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The Fever Trail
The Fever Trail: In Search of the Cure for Malaria
London: Macmillan; New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 2001

Malaria is a deadly parasitical infection with a vicious ability to mutate. This book retraces the extraordinary quest for quinine — the only cure before the twentieth century — through the Andes and the story of a miraculous tree that changed medicine forever.

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Valverde's Gold
Valverde's Gold: In Search of the Last Great Inca Treasure
New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 2004

In 1887, two British sailors set off across the Andes on a secret mission: to locate an immense hoard of Inca gold lost for hundreds of years in a remote mountain range above the Amazon. An adventure story that is also a meditation on obsession, myth, and the lure of lost worlds.

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Essays

Index on Censorship · April 2025

It is deeply troubling that the USA's new health secretary believes in conspiracy theories and is hostile towards modern medicine.

Engelsberg Ideas

Few events are as compelling as an epidemic. When sufficiently severe, an epidemic evokes responses from every sector of society, laying bare social and economic fault lines and presenting politicians with fraught medical and moral choices.

New York Review of Books · December 2021

Understanding the battle over immunization — from the pre-Victorian era onward — between public health and the people may help in treating anti-vax sentiment.

Tortoise Media · March 2021

How can we commemorate grief on the scale of Covid-19? A year into the pandemic, the coronavirus has left a void in all our communities — a vacuum that cries out to be filled.

Wall Street Journal · 2019

In the 1720s, Cotton Mather supported an early form of inoculation; Washington, Jefferson and Adams followed suit.

The Lancet · 2018

The Spanish influenza virus — or at least its viral offspring — have been circulating for 100 years, but it is only in recent years that histories of the pandemic have achieved a similar ubiquity in our culture.

The Lancet · 2014

Ebola seems to draw on a familiar store of images and metaphors — of parasites and hot zones, desperate patients, and intrepid disease detectives. But which earlier epidemics does it echo, and what can the parallels tell us?

The Conversation

Around the world, vaccines are in retreat, shunned by populations who have never been exposed to the diseases that blighted their grandparents’ generation — yet vaccines have saved more lives than almost any other intervention in medical history.

Engelsberg Ideas

While wars are endlessly memorialised in the West, the non-narrative and morally complex nature of a pandemic mean it is rare to come across a memorial to its victims, much less a monument recalling the heroism of health workers.

QMul Emotions Blog · 2011

An exploration of how epidemic disease is imagined in popular culture — from Rise of the Planet of the Apes to our deepest fears about pandemic spread across a connected world.

Academic Articles

Interface Focus · 2021
Interface Focus. 2021 Oct 12;11(6):20210029  ·  PMID: 34956597  ·  PMCID: PMC8504896  ·  doi: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0029
The Lancet · 2020
With L. Krishnan  ·  Lancet. 2020 Oct 31;396(10260):1389–1391  ·  PMID: 33058777  ·  PMCID: PMC7550169  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32134-6
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences · 2020
With P-O. Méthot  ·  Hist Philos Life Sci. 2020 Jun 23;42(3):28  ·  PMID: 32577840  ·  PMCID: PMC7309685  ·  doi: 10.1007/s40656-020-00318-x
The Lancet · 2020
Lancet. 2020 Jun 13;395(10240):1824–1826  ·  PMID: 32464113  ·  PMCID: PMC7247790  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31201-0
The Lancet · 2019
Lancet. 2019 Apr 13;393(10180):1496–1497  ·  PMID: 30983581  ·  PMCID: PMC7136972  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30803-7
The Lancet · 2018
Lancet. 2018 Jun 23;391(10139):2492–2495  ·  PMID: 29976462  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31360-6
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences · 2017
Hist Philos Life Sci. 2017 Sep;39(3):15  ·  PMID: 28677044  ·  PMCID: PMC5496974  ·  doi: 10.1007/s40656-017-0142-5
Medical History · 2017
Med Hist. 2017 Apr;61(2):270–294  ·  PMID: 28260567  ·  PMCID: PMC5426310  ·  doi: 10.1017/mdh.2017.6
The Lancet · 2016
Lancet. 2016 Jul 30;388(10043):456–457  ·  PMID: 27529093  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31158-8
The Lancet · 2016
Lancet. 2016 Jan 9;387(10014):118–119  ·  PMID: 26841989  ·  PMCID: PMC7137170  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00840-5
Journal of the History of Biology · 2016
J Hist Biol. 2016 Apr;49(2):261–309  ·  PMID: 26612760  ·  doi: 10.1007/s10739-015-9430-7
The Lancet · 2015
Lancet. 2015 Jun 20;385(9986):2455  ·  PMID: 26122060  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61128-X
The Lancet · 2014
Lancet. 2014 Nov 15;384(9956):1740–1741  ·  PMID: 25473684  ·  PMCID: PMC7138110  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62063-8
The Lancet · 2014
Lancet. 2014 May 31;383(9932):1880–1881  ·  PMID: 24892173  ·  PMCID: PMC7137838  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60905-3
Medical History · 2013
Med Hist. 2013 Apr;57(2):165–185  ·  PMID: 24070344  ·  PMCID: PMC3867839  ·  doi: 10.1017/mdh.2012.101
The Lancet · 2013
Lancet. 2013 Mar 23;381(9871):988–989  ·  PMID: 23668571  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60701-1
Vaccine · 2011
Vaccine. 2011 Jul 22;29(Suppl 2):B11–15  ·  PMID: 21757097  ·  doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.063
The Lancet · 2009
Lancet. 2009 Jul 18;374(9685):194–195  ·  PMID: 19623683  ·  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61319-2

Journalism

The Observer / The Guardian
A new film about the origins of Covid-19 tells how rightwing conspiracy theorists pushed the lab-leak theory to their own ends, suppressing the work of real scientists. — The Observer, April 2025
The re-emergence of scabies, measles, rickets and scurvy points to deepening poverty and a health system under strain. — The Guardian, February 2024
How the terminal sugar molecules on our cells regulate our interactions with pathogens and help make us who we are. — The Guardian, December 2023
Each pandemic is shaped by its own unique biological and social circumstances — making the past an unreliable compass for the present. — The Guardian, July 2021
Pandemics end in different ways but it’s never quick and never neat. — The Observer, October 2020
A century on, the stories of those who fought the Spanish flu on the front lines carry fresh resonance. — The Guardian, April 2020
The measles crisis in Europe and the Ebola outbreak in the DRC share the same root cause: complacency about infectious disease. — The Guardian, April 2019
A century after it swept the world, the 1918 influenza pandemic remains the benchmark against which all subsequent outbreaks are measured. — The Guardian, September 2018
We all cry, but what biological function do tears serve — and why are humans the only species that shed tears of sorrow and joy? — The Guardian, April 2013
It was on a routine visit to the doctor that my GP uttered the phrase every middle-aged man dreads: “Your blood pressure is a little raised.” — The Guardian, January 2012
The Telegraph
A new study suggests Covid-19 didn’t need special adaptation to spread to humans but was simply waiting for the right opportunity. — The Telegraph
The surge in respiratory infections this winter has worrying parallels with a pandemic 135 years ago. — The Telegraph
The rare soapbark produces a chemical that powers new malaria jabs being rolled out across Africa. A single gram can cost $100,000. — The Telegraph
When H5N1 broke out in Vietnam in 1997, Mark Honigsbaum was sent to cover the story. What he witnessed has stayed with him ever since. — The Telegraph
Wars are endlessly memorialised, but it’s rare to see a memorial for victims of a pandemic — be it Covid or Spanish flu. This is a mistake. — The Telegraph
There are some striking similarities between this virus and its 19th century ancestor — perhaps lessons from the past can show us our future. — The Telegraph
Other Publications
The Spectator, August 2020
A long-form report on the final stages of the West African Ebola epidemic. — Mosaic Science
As Germany succumbed to antisemitism in the 1930s, Ernst Leitz, owner of Leica cameras, defied the Nazis by helping Jewish employees emigrate to the United States.
A re-examination of Diana's fraught — and often willing — relationship with the British tabloid press. — The Spectator, September 1997

Going Viral

Going Viral

The history, science and culture of infectious disease — plus a little politics and poetry. A reader-supported Substack publication by Mark Honigsbaum.

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Recent writing on Going Viral

Why it's smart to be a "max vaxxer"
Vaccines get a bad rap on social media but what if they confer indirect benefits across our lifespans, making us healthier and preserving cognitive function for longer?
The first Mandelson scandal
When Peter Mandelson bought a house in the street where I grew up, I suspected something didn't add up. Pity then that my editor killed the story.
Where did Covid-19 come from? The case for a natural origin
Forget talk of "the China virus" and a "lab leak". Bats and the trade in wild animals are a far more likely source of the coronavirus pandemic.
The next pandemic? A scenario
It began with a chimpanzee-trekking tour of a remote forest in Uganda and ended with the outbreak of a deadly new disease. And all because of health cuts and the disruption of a wild animal habitat.
Displaying AIDS, Remembering Pandemics
The UK AIDS Quilt is the nearest thing we have to a memorial to the pandemic. All the more pity then that after a rare appearance at Tate Modern it has now been returned to storage.
Why are we always so unprepared?
The outbreak of Ebola Bundibugyo virus has once again exposed the cycle of securitisation and neglect in our response to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
Read all posts on Substack →